Meningitis
Introduction
Meningitis
is inflammation of the meninges. In leptomeningitis which are in arachnoid and
pia matter. Resulting pathogens micro organism.
How
to occurs?
Bacteria
is the major cause of inflammation. It may enter the subarachnoid space through
the blood via septicemia or blood poisoning or spied from heart, lungs or other
viscera.
Micro
organisms may also enter subarachnoid space from a compound cranial fracture or
fracture of nasal sinuses.
Acute
purulent meningitis can be result from infection with almost any pathogenic
bacteria.
Ex :- meningo coccal
meningitis.
Symptoms
of meningitis
· High temperature
· Cold hands and feet
· Vomiting
· Confusion
· Breathing quickly
· Muscle and joint pain
· Spots or a rash
Edema
and inflammation infiltrates lead to fever, focal neurological deficits,
decreased level of consciousness and seizure.
· Infectious causes can be
bacterial , viral , fungal or parasitic.
· While the etiology is
usually infectious ultimately it is the inflammatory changes in the CNS that
cause morbidity and mortality.
Test
for meningitis
1. Physical examination
looks for symptoms of meningitis.
2. Blood test to check for
bacteria or viruses.
· Lumbar puncture - where
a sample of fluid is taken from spine and checked for bacteria and virus.
· CT scan to check for
problems with brain, such as swelling.
Treatments
v Bacterial meningitis is
serious problems and requires close monitoring.
Treatments include
ü Antibiotic given direct
in to a vein.
ü Fluid given direct in to
vein to prevent dehydration.
ü Given oxygen if there is
any breathing difficulty.
ü Steroid medication to
help reduce any swelling around brain.
ü
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